INTRODUCTION

is "the study and design of intelligent agents" where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions which maximizes its chances of success.^[1] John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1956,^[2] defines it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines."^[3] Other names for the field have been proposed, such as computational intelligence,^[4] synthetic intelligence^[4][5] or computational rationality.^[6] The term artificial intelligence is also used to describe a property of machines or programs: the intelligence that the system demonstrates.

AI research uses tools and insights from many fields, including computer science, psychology, philosophy, neuroscience, cognitive science, linguistics, operations research, economics, control theory, probability, optimization and logic.^[7] AI research also overlaps with tasks such as robotics, control systems, scheduling, data mining, logistics, speech recognition, facial recognition and many others.^[8]